The work
group is recommending that this disorder be reformulated as the Schizotypal Type.
Individuals who match this personality disorder type have social
deficits, marked by discomfort with and reduced capacity for interpersonal
relationships; eccentricities of appearance and behavior, and cognitive and
perceptual distortions. They have few close friends or
relationships. They are anxious in social situations (even when they have
the time to become familiar with the situation), feel like outcasts or
outsiders, find it difficult to feel connected to others, and are suspicious of
others’ motivations, including their spouse, colleagues, and friends.
Individuals with this type are eccentric, odd, or peculiar in
appearance or manner (e.g., grooming, hygiene, posture, and/or eye contact are
strange or unusual). Their speech may be vague, circumstantial,
metaphorical, overelaborate, impoverished, overly concrete, or
stereotyped. Individuals with this type experience a limited or
constricted range of emotions, and are inhibited in their expression of
emotions. They may appear detached and indifferent to other’s reactions,
despite internal distress at being “set apart.”
Odd beliefs influence their behavior, such as beliefs in
superstition, clairvoyance, or telepathy. Their perception of reality can
become further impaired, often under stress, when reasoning and perceptual
processes become odd and idiosyncratic (e.g., they may make seemingly arbitrary
inferences, or see hidden messages or special meanings in ordinary events) or
quasi-psychotic, with symptoms such as pseudo-hallucinations, sensory
illusions, over-valued ideas, mild paranoid ideation, or transient psychotic
episodes. Individuals with this personality disorder type are, however,
able to “reality test” psychotic-like symptoms and can intellectually
acknowledge that they are products of their own minds.
Instructions
A.
Type rating. Rate the patient’s personality
using the 5-point rating scale shown below. Circle the number that best
describes the patient’s personality.
5
= Very Good Match: patient exemplifies this type
4
= Good Match: patient significantly resembles this type
3
= Moderate Match: patient has prominent features of this type
2
= Slight Match: patient has minor features of this type
1
= No Match: description does not apply
B.
Trait ratings. Rate extent to which the
following traits associated with the Schizotypal Type are descriptive of
the patient using this four-point scale:
0 =
Very little or not at all descriptive
1
= Mildly descriptive
2
= Moderately descriptive
3
= Extremely descriptive
1. Schizotypy: Eccentricity
Unusual behavior (e.g., unusual mannerisms; wearing clothes
obviously inappropriate to the occasion or season); saying unusual or
inappropriate things, using neologisms, or concrete and impoverished speech;
seen by others of the same culture and society as bizarre, odd, and
strange
2. Schizotypy: Cognitive Dysregulation
Unusual thought processes; having thoughts and ideas that do not
follow logically from each other; derailment of one’s train of thought; making
loose associations or non-sequiturs; disorganized and/or confused thought,
especially when stressed
3. Schizotypy: Unusual Perceptions
Having odd experiences in various sensory modalities; having
synesthesia (cross-modal perception); perceiving events and things in ways that
others do not
4. Schizotypy: Unusual Beliefs
Content of thoughts that is viewed by others of the same culture and
society as bizarre; idiosyncratic but deeply held convictions that are not well
justified by objective evidence; interest in the occult and in unusual views of
reality
5. Introversion: Social Withdrawal
Preference for being alone to being with others; reticence in social
situations; avoidance and lack of enjoyment of social contacts/activity; lack
of initiation of social contact
6. Introversion: Restricted Affectivity
Lack of emotional experience and display; emotional reactions, when
evident, are shallow and transitory; unemotional, even in normally emotionally
arousing situations s
7. Introversion: Intimacy Avoidance
Disinterest in and avoidance of close relationships, interpersonal
attachments, and intimate sexual relationship
8. Negative Emotionality: Suspiciousness
Mistrust of others; expectations of and hyper-alertness to signs of
interpersonal ill-intent or harm; having doubts about others’ loyalty and
fidelity; feelings of persecution
9. Negative Emotionality:
Anxiousness
Feelings of nervousness, tenseness, and/or being on edge; worry
about past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities; feeling
fearful and threatened by uncertainty
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