a. Lifetime risk is approximately 1%
b. Onset is in young adulthood
c. Course of panic attacks is variable;
agoraphobia tends to worsen if panic attacks are persistent
d. Etiology - Strong biological component
(15-20% concordance with 1st-degree relatives).
A behavioral component has been suggested.
e. Comorbidity includes major depressive
disorder, suicide, alcohol abuse.
f. Treatment:
SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, MAOIs, and benzodiazepines are
effective for panic. Behavioral
therapies and MAOIs are most effective for agoraphobia. Buspirone is not effective.
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